Every figure behind these results is in each model’s own description, which your agent can read at the address.
Whose words are these? Each name is this page’s; the exact name an agent asks for is on the things page. The italic is the verifier’s own, cut from the spec sheet it serves in that model’s description: what it was compared with and how close it came, then its gap, cut with […] where long. A company specimen is quoted for what it is. Where the verifier says card it means a model.
SPERT III, a test reactor: every series of its 1969 reportCompared with each of the 70 tests left out of the fit in turn, refitted on the other 69 from a start that never saw it: at the median test peak power within 6.8 percent, energy to the peak within 8.6, time to the peak within 4.1 and hot-spot clad rise within 9.2 […] Gap: from operating power, 19 MW, the 3 tests read 11.5 percent low in peak power, 81.2 low in energy and 39.0 early at the median, the reactivity going in over 0.10 to 0.16 s in Figs. D-68 to D-70 against the rod’s 0.06 to 0.08 s […]
SPERT III with its C-core, through boilingCompared with each tenth of the 111 left out of the fit in turn: peak power within 10.4 percent RMS, energy to the peak 17.2, the hot-spot plate rise at peak power 12.3 and at its first maximum 11.3 […] Gap: left out, at 5000 to 20,000 gpm the plate maximum reads 24.6 percent RMS (12.9 without transient 03618), against a repeat scatter of 5.5 […]
The Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment, its fuel pump starting and stoppingCompared with the 73 coast-down rod readings of Fig. 24, not in the fit: within 6.5 pcm RMS, mean +2.3, largest 19.7 […] Gap: after the rod’s peak the card’s precursor wave round the loop runs large, 53.9 pcm high at 17.1 s […]
A TRIGA research reactor in Ljubljana, pulsedCompared with the 20 table rows of the same cores not in the fit, other days on the fitted tables, in units of the comparison’s uncertainty: on 12 rows of core 231 from 22 and 28 March 2018, peak power within 1.21 RMS (target 1.5; 18.0 percent), energy within 50 ms of the peak within 1.47 (15.7 percent) and thermocouple maximum within 1.29 (8.0 K) […] Gap: peak power reads 44 and 23 percent low on the two rows of 22 March 2018, a day whose printed 1.5 and 2.0 dollars stand at rod positions the fitted day prints as 1.75 and 2.25 (worst 3.02, target 3) […]
One instrumented fuel element of that reactor, through a pulseCompared with 16 pulses of cores 217 and 231 at 2.0 to 2.6 printed dollars not in the fit, from each record’s own power: the thermocouple’s maximum rise within 9.2 percent on all 16 (9.2 low to 0.3 high, mean 5.5; target 10), its time after the power peak within 19.6 percent (mean 11.9; target 20), and the rise 10 s after the peak within 4.3 percent on the 8 records that run that long (mean 3.1; target 10). Gap: on all 55 pulses the maximum rise reads 6.3 percent low on the 2014 core 215 and 7.7 on the 2015 core 217 at the mean, 2.2 on the 2018 core 231 […]
The JET tokamak, in pulses of 1996 to 1997Compared with 10 pulses, each left out in turn, medians: thermal energy within 16.0 percent of peak RMS, fast ions 5.3, fusion power 16.4 (7 D-T) […] Gap: 42976 left out, hot-ion fusion energy 0.392 (4.03 MJ against 10.30).
The MAST tokamak, its plasma drifting into the wallCompared with the measured event of shot 15045: P6U current at the end of the linear phase within 6.2 percent of the shot’s (-2,933 ampere-turns against -3,126; target 25) […] Gap: the growth rate is 93.2 percent low (6.55 per second against 96.3; 94.1 percent low on the probe signal): in the shot P6 held its flux, and a rigid plasma held so needs 2.04 times the rigid shift’s stiffness to grow at 96.3.
Deuterium-tritium fusion in the pulses of two tokamaksHeld to TRANSP’s fusion power in the International Multi-Tokamak Confinement Profile Database on 34 TFTR slices outside any fit: median of solver over database 1.022 (target 0.85 to 1.15), 30 of the 34 within 0.75 to 1.25 (target 0.90 of them), pulse 80539 at 1.070 of its measured 10.7 MW (target 0.80 to 1.20) […] Gap: the solver’s fast ions are 1.1 to 3.1 times the database’s in the shell of largest excess, so the median agreement is partly a cancellation of that missing drag.
A boron-seeded hydrogen plasma in the Large Helical DeviceCompared with measured alpha count rates under negative-ion beams of 127.45 to 160.25 keV and a 45 keV beam, each shape after one common scale factor (target: every point within a factor of 2): the six beam-energy points in the measured order (Spearman 0.943), worst factor 2.94 […] Gap: from 128 to 160 kV it rises 11.1 times where the measurement rises 2.10, below the 4.4 that a cross-section with no resonance at all gives […]
A uniform proton-boron plasmaHeld to the published calculations of Ochs et al. 2022 and Putvinski et al. 2019: the electron temperature at 300 keV and 13 percent boron within 2.3 percent (target 5), the largest fusion power over bremsstrahlung within 0.2 percent (target 2). The comparison’s request at 300 keV (13 percent boron, electron density 1.52e20 m^-3, 20 T, wall reflectivity 1, kinetic enhancement on) gives an electron temperature of 159.33 keV against a published 163.0, and an ignition margin of 0.037. The worked example, example_solve, is another plasma at 300 keV (15 percent boron, 1.6e20 m^-3, 6.661 T, wall reflectivity 0.95, kinetic enhancement off): an electron temperature of 113.152 keV and an ignition margin of -1.042, so it does not ignite. Gap: synchrotron over fusion power is 7.9 percent off a plain-Python model of the same balance (target 5), and two published bremsstrahlung fits differ by as much as the ignition margin.
The burning hot spot of inertial-confinement fusionCompared with the seven shots as published (targets: yield within a factor of 2, burn width within 30 percent, burn-up within a factor of 2, yield amplification within a factor of 1.5): 3 of 24 targets reached and no shot within all of its own […] Gap: no reading reproduces both the yield and the burn width of the ignition shots […]
NASA’s Stardust capsule, falling homeCompared with NASA’s reconstruction of the entry and the radar record of parachute opening: peak load 32.17 g against 32.89 g, within 0.72 g (target 3.64 g) […] Gap: heat flux 696 W/cm2 against NASA’s computed 762 to 1000 […]
NASA’s InSight capsule, entering at MarsCompared with the last 59 s before the parachute, not in the fit: speed within 7.2 m/s RMS, radius within 245 m and deceleration within 0.031 g over the 58 whole seconds […] Gap: with no lift the run reaches the flight’s radius at the parachute 22.8 s late and is 4.24 km high there (targets 15.1 s and 3.5 km) […]
The plasma around NASA’s RAM C-II probeCompared with the reflectometer onsets of NASA TN D-6062 Table X at 7.65 km/s: electron density 0.94 of the measured, within a factor of 1.07, at the cone station’s X band at 70.0 km […] Gap: above 73.6 km, where the shock is as thick as the layer and electrons are lost to the cold wall, the density reads about 3 times high (3.28 at 77.7 km, 2.92 at 80.0 km).
A slab of charring heat-shield materialCompared with 31 arc-jet tests outside the fit: wear within its target on 28 of 31 (target 25), mean −2.6 percent […] Gap: the face runs 4.1 percent hot on average (target 3.5), and Stardust nose wear is a third high.
Two laser-ranged satellites, LAGEOS-1 and LAGEOS-2Compared with the 42 runs of the six weeks outside that choice, two of LAGEOS-1 and four of LAGEOS-2: LAGEOS-1 within 0.65 m of the published orbit after one revolution (target 1 m), 3.8 m after one day (10 m) and 32 m after seven days (100 m) […] Gap: the error grows with the length of a forecast, from 0.65 m after one revolution to 32 m after seven days on LAGEOS-1, as the card carries no drag, no light reflected from the Earth and no ocean tide.
The Solar System, carried forward 21 yearsCompared with 10,134 ranges of three spacecraft in four files, not used to choose it, in one run of 7,670 days: Mars Odyssey to 2006 within 695 m (target 700 m), 270 m RMS […] Gap: in mid-2007, 44 Odyssey ranges and 34 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ranges are outside their targets, by at most 8 and 10 percent, from the 340 asteroids the card leaves out […]
The James Webb Space Telescope, holding a starCompared with the 795,021 quiet frames of 134 files not in the fit: error one frame ahead 0.510 mas on x and 0.472 on y RMS, within 0.790 and 0.807 of the last centroid’s (target 0.85) […] Gap: inside disturbances it is worse than the last centroid, 2.03 against 1.00 mas on x and 1.57 against 0.78 on y, its stated variance 12 to 17 times too small […]
Webb’s momentum, built up by sunlightCompared with the three months after the fit: the daily growth of |H| within 0.1 of the observed plus 0.2 N m s on 23 of 28, 15 of 28 and 17 of 30 days (target 80 percent) […] Gap: the daily change of the vector H is within that allowance on 14 of 28, 8 of 28 and 8 of 30 days (target 80 percent): beyond 2 degrees of roll its torque about the boresight is off by about 30 µN m […]
Webb’s momentum, by the angles of its sunshieldCompared with the two months after the fit: the daily growth of |H| within 0.1 of the observed plus 0.2 N m s on 25 of 28 and 22 of 30 days (target 80 percent) […] Gap: the daily change of the vector H is within that allowance on 18 of 28 and 13 of 30 days (target 80 percent), 0.42 N m s RMS against [Webb’s momentum, built up by sunlight]’s 0.81 […]
A crater blasted into an asteroidCompared with the measured crater on Ryugu, not in the fit, with the law fitted on all thirteen laboratory craters: final radius 8.571 m against the apparent radius of 7.25 m, within 1.32 m, 18.2 percent (allowance 0.97 m) […] Gap: on Ryugu the card stops 1.32 m, 18.2 percent, above the measured apparent radius, outside the allowance of 0.97 m […]
A ten-inch model-aircraft propellerCompared with the 64 points of the 4 sweeps at 6015 to 6531 rev/min, not in the fit: within 4.85 percent of full scale on average (target 4.0), worst 10.16 (target 10.0) […] Gap: the answer reads low at every point outside the fit, by 5.0 percent of full scale in thrust coefficient and 4.7 in power coefficient on average, because the measured coefficients rise with speed and the model’s do not […]
One Panasonic lithium-ion cellCompared with the eleven held 1C discharges from full charge not in the fit: terminal voltage within 27.8 to 30.0 mV RMS (target 50), largest single error 57 mV […] Gap: on one discharge at 0.87 A in 14 holds, not in the fit, 56.7 mV RMS (target 50), 204 and 206 mV in the last two holds, and it runs 71 s past the cell’s 2.5 V, delivering 0.60 percent more than the cell.
Three Tesla Model 3 cells, as one physical modelCompared with each cell left out of the fit in turn, its 234 runs not in the fit: within 20.2 mV RMS […] Gap: the discharge at the rated current at -20 degC, 68.7 mV RMS on cells left out (49.6 fitted) […]
A lithium-ion cell in thermal runawayCompared with each record left out of the fit in turn, the constants refitted on the other 12: onsets within 16.2 K RMS on 10 records (9.8 on the eight reprinted cells), peaks within 51.7 K RMS on 7, Hatchard’s 155 degC oven running away at 64.8 min against 51.1 […] Gap: at 150 degC the card runs away at 109.7 min where Hatchard’s cell did not in 120 […]
The power source on NASA’s Curiosity roverCompared with the 1,279 days 2,809 to 4,087, outside the fit and the choice of structure: within 0.008129 of 115.4 W RMS (about 0.94 W; target 0.010), worst day +0.02251 (2.60 W high, day 3,546). Gap: it reads high and the gap grows, +0.0031, +0.0045 and +0.0096 of 115.4 W over three successive years and +0.0107 over the last 184 days […]
The same power source, in its second formCompared with all 4,088 days, all in the fit: within 0.00319 of 115.4 W RMS across all 4,088, about 0.37 W […] Gap: its largest error on one day is +0.0160 of 115.4 W, 1.85 W, on mission day 3,546 […]
Great Britain’s power grid, when a link tripsCompared with all 86, each left out of the fit in turn: depth of the fall within 0.224 RMS relative error, steepest second 0.237, near 60 s 0.076 Hz, trace 0.035 Hz median. Gap: since November 2025, 11 trips, depth 0.359 RMS, 23 percent too deep on average, 106 percent on 21 March 2026 […]
A hydraulic accumulator on a test rigCompared with the 285 runs not in the fit, 40 to 120 bar load and half the charge, 0.01 to 20 Hz: pressure swing per piston travel within 0.93 percent median (target 2.0), lead within 0.27 degrees median (target 0.5) […] Gap: 2.72 percent median at 109 to 132 bar (target 2.0) […]
A human fingertip twisted on glassCompared with P02’s 30 trials not in the fit, at 1 N, 10 N and 100 degrees a second: slip torque within 9.4, 29.3 and 13.0 percent of the mean of ten trials (target 5.62) […] Gap: the slip torque reads +9.4, +29.3 and -13.0 percent at 1 N, 10 N and 100 degrees a second, and +13.6 and +21.7 percent on the fitted trials at 0.5 and 5 N, against a target of 5.62 […]
Two finger pads lifting a glass-faced objectCompared with the trials not in the fit, S2, S3 and S12 whole and level 4 of S4 to S11: on the 12 trials on natural glass of three fingers at 0.74 to 2.67 N, the card’s friction within 22.2 percent median (target 10; a constant force 31.5, each finger’s own coefficient 8.8) and its plate travel to full slip within 38.1 percent median (target 18; a constant travel 33.8) […] Gap: the stuck-fraction law, the stick ratio as the safety margin to the power 2/3, is off the measured stick ratio at 1 mm by 0.389 RMS over 16,126 samples of incipient slip (target 0.10; the ratio equal to the margin, 0.334) […]
A tyre on iceCompared with the 60 cells, three repeats each, of the runs not in the fit, at 6.5 kN and at 2.5 bar: friction ratio within 0.034 RMS (target 0.045), 0.029 at 6.5 kN and 0.040 at 2.5 bar […] Gap: the error sits between test sessions, not repeats: the 18 condition means run 0.185 to 0.287, 0.029 apart in standard deviation against 0.005 to 0.011 between repeats, so a session carries about ±0.03 on the ratio […]
A nickel superalloy creeping at 980 degrees CelsiusCompared with the 6 tests not in the fit: time to each level from 0.1 to 5 percent within 0.093 RMS in log time (about 9 percent), worst 0.240, over 33 times […] Gap: below 0.1 percent it starts late, 1.5 to 4 times the hours to 0.05 percent […]
An aluminium strip, clamped at one end and ringingCompared with 12 s to 24 s of a second ring-down of the same strip in the same clamp, test1b, not in the fit, in eleven blocks of eight periods: frequency within 0.0031 Hz (target 0.010), timing within 0.021 of a period (target 0.20), amplitude within 7.03 percent (target 5.0). Gap: the swing reads high in every block, 3.6 percent at 13 s growing to 11.7 percent at 23 s: the ring-down dies away too slowly once the swing is small.
Four bars of structural steel, rungCompared with bars ERY1 and ERY2, across the rolling direction, not used to choose the model: Young’s modulus 215.68 GPa against 210.25 GPa from the tensile slope, 2.58 percent apart (target 2.49) […] Gap: against the tensile slope Young’s modulus reads 2.58 percent high across the rolling direction and 7.4 percent high along it (211.6 against 197.0 GPa), where the slope itself moves by up to 8 percent within one tensile test […]
A steel bar with a hole, pulled past yieldCompared with the 1,186 points 4.5 to 12 mm from the hole, not in the fit: displacement within 0.675 um RMS in u_x (target 2.0) and 0.444 um in u_y (target 1.5), 0.571 um pooled against 1.015 for Kirsch’s infinite plate […] Gap: the solver yields a zone 1.53 mm deep at the hole, absent from the measured strain, so the strain 1.5 mm from the edge reads 26.0 percent high […]
The same bar, pulled within its elastic rangeCompared with the same 1,186 points 4.5 to 12 mm from the hole: displacement within 0.638 um RMS in u_x (target 2.0) and 0.486 um in u_y (target 1.5), 0.567 um pooled against 1.015 for Kirsch’s infinite plate […] Gap: the record gives no yield strength of this sheet, and the elastic stress at the hole’s edge, 397.6 MPa at 106.26 MPa, has no measurement, the ring read starting 0.5 mm from the edge […]
A bearing flooded with oilCompared with the 16 runs not in the fit (every third run, inside the same loads and speeds): minimum film thickness within 0.058 mean absolute relative residual, worst 0.156, mean +0.020. Gap: on the 34 fitted runs, each left out of the fit in turn, the worst run is 0.324 off (mean absolute 0.062) […]
Rain on a microwave linkCompared with the nine August rain events, 773 five-minute blocks not in the fit: within 0.581 dB RMS (target 0.90), 0.585 of the error of P.838 alone (target 0.80), summed attenuation 1.069 of the measured (0.75 to 1.25). Gap: the card’s five-minute peak is below the measured peak in seven of the nine events, by up to 2.2 dB, and the other direction of the link, sublink 588, reads 0.794 dB, a summed attenuation 2.30 of the measured.
Columns of seawater, measured from a shipCompared with the ship’s echo sounder at 632 stations of 5 legs, none used to set the comparison: depth within a median of +4.59 m (target 10), 0.804 of stations within 20 m (target 0.80), each leg’s median +4.30 to +4.92 m (target 15). Gap: the solver’s depth reads deeper than the sounder’s, about +3 m on flat sea floor and +4.6 m pooled, and the fraction within 20 m is two stations over its target, 0.789 to 0.798 with leg 9, 10 or 13 left out.
Argon gas at low densityCompared with the 24 speeds of sound not in the fit (310 to 349.868 K): within 0.0074 m/s RMS (worst 0.0146), 0.023 of the ideal gas’s error […] Gap: the viscosity reads high at all 49 points, 2.95 percent at 291 K falling to 0.28 percent at 682 K, 1.4 to 20 times the measurement’s uncertainty.
Air flowing over a stepCompared with 174 digitised circles at Reynolds number 389, none read when the solver was built: velocity profile within 0.0437 of the largest inlet speed RMS (target 0.05), worst station 0.052 (target 0.08) […] Gap: the reattachment length reads 6 to 7 percent short of Armaly’s plot at 389 (8.07 against about 8.6 step heights) and 5.8 percent short at 97, agreeing within 1 percent near Reynolds number 300 […]
Air through the Princeton SuperpipeCompared with 19 friction factors and 21 profiles not used to choose it (McKeon 2004, NSTAP 2012 and 2013): friction factor within 1.38 percent RMS, worst 2.69 (the Prandtl-Karman law 2.17 RMS) […] Gap: the centreline ratio reads low on 20 of 21 profiles by 0.75 to 1.79 percent, and 2.99 percent low on the NSTAP profile at 81,330 […]
A valve slammed shut on liquid nitrogenCompared with the 6 tests not in the fit on eleven error measures: in all six, the first rise at S2 within 1.7 percent, the front’s speed from S1 to S2 within 0.7 percent, the second surge’s time within 8.1 percent and the steady drop from S3 to S1 within 9.3 percent […] Gap: the plateau at S1 is 4.2 to 7.4 percent short, the first rise at S3 2.6 to 14.9 percent low, the second surge 6.9 to 22.6 percent high (39 and 111 percent at the two lowest pressures), and the late ringing after cavitation 10.0 to 13.1 percent short in period with a decay rate 78 to 91 percent under the measured.
The blast wave of a charge in open airCompared with the surface-burst positive-phase table, kept out of the fit (17 Z from 1.1 to 14.94): the impulse within 3.9 percent and the duration within 8.0 from Z 1.75 out […] Gap: near the fireball the positive phase is long, at Z 1.31 the impulse 25 percent and the duration 22 percent above Dewey’s free-air table (19 and 42 on the ground), and against Kingery-Bulmash the surface impulse reads 15 to 27 percent low, where its own stand 14 to 63 percent above Dewey’s.
A fungus grown in a fed vesselCompared with the 4 cultures not in the fit, fed about 10.6 and about 50 g/L glucose, RMS error against targets of one and a half times the spread between repeats: oxygen taken up within 0.0108 mol (target 0.0153), dry biomass to 170 h within 1.05 g/L (target 2.15), glucose within 0.51 g/L (target 0.85) […] Gap: outside the fitted feed glucose it makes mucic acid too fast, by 4.4 to 6.8 g/L on average, and galacturonate and mucic acid are 6 to 8 g/L off from about 60 h on.
The same fungus, on the energy its sugar suppliesCompared with the 4 cultures not in the fit, at pH 3.5 and 3.0, RMS error against the targets of [A fungus grown in a fed vessel]: galacturonate within 1.83 g/L (target 2.74), mucic acid within 4.19 g/L (target 4.51), oxygen taken up within 0.01396 mol (target 0.0153) […] Gap: at pH 3.0 the measured batch runs slower than the solver’s, 5.81 g/L of glucose left at 45 h against 0.01, and the measured dry weight at pH 3.5 and 3.0 climbs to 13.8 to 17.4 g/L by 165 h where the solver holds 8.1 to 8.6.
A superconducting junction at 4 kelvinCompared with the zero-field curve outside the fit, 100 points rising and 100 falling, 0 to 0.91847 mA: voltage within 11.84 percent of I_c R_n RMS over the 175 points on the same branch (rising 7.10, falling 15.13, worst -36.3 at 0.1113 mA falling) […] Gap: the measured plateau is flat at 2.8498 to 2.8651 mV from 0.33 to 0.57 mA and the solver’s rises from 2.826 to 3.096 mV, up to 19.5 percent high […]
The atoms from hydrogen to argonHeld to the NIST spin-unpolarized local-density tables within 1e-5 hartree, on the total energy, its four parts and every orbital eigenvalue of every atom. Gap: it is the local-density ground state, which carries the approximation’s own difference from the measured energy of the atom […]
A titanium lattice columnCompany specimen: a three-strut annealed Ti-6Al-4V lattice column, yield 880 MPa, modulus 113.8 GPa, under nodal force, torque and temperature to 1268.15 K.
A copper fuse link on a 48-volt nodeCompany specimen: a 48 V DC-plant node, a 50 uH feeder into a 50 uF shunt that rings at 20 krad/s, with an AWG 34 copper fuse link 0.1601 mm across and 120 mm long that melts at 1357.77 K, between an upstream voltage and a load current. It holds an energy ledger of the feeder, the shunt and the copper’s heat.
A 60 Hz synchronous machineCompany specimen: one round-rotor synchronous machine on a 60 Hz bus, inertia constant 5 s, damping 0.05 pu, peak electrical power 1.04 pu and a phase-locked loop of 20 per second, under mechanical power, held in synchronism inside a rotor angle of plus or minus pi/2.
A 12-cell lithium-ion pack, the one whose answer arrives on the front pageCompany specimen: a 12S lithium-ion pack of 22 Ah, 50.4 V full and 36.0 V empty, with a straight-line rest voltage and a 0.060 ohm resistance that doubles as it empties, under a terminal current. It holds a chemical-energy ledger, a 42.0 V warning, a 36.0 V cutoff and a 50.4 V charging limit.
An avionics cold plateCompany specimen: an aluminum 6061 avionics cold plate, 250 x 125 x 7.8 mm, heat capacity 590.625 J/K and 2 K/W to its bath, under heater power and a bath temperature, stepped by the exact exponential map from -40 to 125 degrees Celsius, the industrial rating of the electronics it carries.
A 10 Hz mountCompany specimen: a 1 kg mass on a 10 Hz mount, damping ratio 0.05 and stroke 15.625 mm, under an imposed acceleration, up to the energy of a free ring of twice the stroke.
A Duffing resonatorCompany specimen: an 80 Hz drive-mode Duffing resonator, damping ratio 1/80, cubic stiffness 6e8 per square metre per square second and proof mass 1e-7 kg, under acceleration, an external rate and sensed velocity, up to an amplitude of 7.8125 mm.
A column of mineral oilCompany specimen: a 0.50 m mineral-oil column in a 50 mm bore, bulk modulus 1.72 GPa and density 870 kg/m^3, charged at one atmosphere, under a commanded flow, from its vapour pressure of 10 Pa to 20.74 MPa absolute.
A Dyneema tendonCompany specimen: a 1.20 m Dyneema tendon 1.50 mm in diameter, modulus 120 GPa, damping ratio 0.01 and ultimate stress 2800 MPa, 4948 N at 28 mm of elongation, under a commanded force, in tension up to the tension at which it snaps.
Water hammer in an oil lineCompany specimen: water hammer in a 4.0 m steel hydraulic line (12 x 1.5 mm tube, 9 mm bore) of mineral oil (870 kg/m^3, 1.72 GPa) between a held supply and a valve that closes […]
A chamber of air through a valveCompany specimen: a rigid 100 cm^3 chamber of air charged or vented through a pneumatic valve in the ISO 6358-1:2013 form (sonic conductance 1.0e-8 m^3/(s Pa), critical pressure ratio 0.30, subsonic index 0.5), with heat exchanged with the wall at 293.15 K: pressure, temperature and mass flow over t […]
A pneumatic hose, ringingCompany specimen: the pneumatic resonance of a 2.0 m polyamide hose (6 x 4 mm) feeding a closed 20 cm^3 volume, air at 293.15 K about a mean pressure […]